Knol is a project planned by Google for user-generated articles on topics
ranging from "scientific concepts, to medical information, from geographical and
historical, to entertainment, from product information, to how-to-fix-it
instructions." It was announced on December 13, 2007. Knol pages are "meant to
be the first thing someone who searches for this topic for the first time will
want to read", according to Udi Manber, a Vice President of Engineering at
Google. The term knol, coined by Google to mean a "unit of knowledge" , refers
to both the project and an article in the project. The site has been seen by
many as Google's attempt to compete with Wikipedia.
The site is currently in private beta, and requests to create "knols" are by
invitation only.
Format
Each knol article will be written by a single author, and other users can edit
it only with permission from the author. Readers may rate or comment on the
articles. There can also be multiple articles for the same topic, each written
by a different author. Google "[believes] that knowing who wrote what will
significantly help users make better use of web content." Manber said that
Google hopes "knols will include the opinions and points of view of the authors
who will put their reputation on the line" and that the authors will be able to
decide whether advertisements will appear on their knols, and that if there are
ads, a "substantial revenue share from the proceeds of those ads" will be given
to authors. While it is not yet known if authors are allowed to run ads from
companies other than Google, according to Sullivan, Manber said it is a
possibility. Manber also writes that "Google will not serve as an editor in any
way, and will not bless any content. All editorial responsibilities and control
will rest with the authors."
Reception
Since its announcement in December 2007, there has been speculation on Google's
motives and its position as a producer of content rather than as an organizer.
The Guardian's Jack Schofield argued that "Knol represents an attack on the
media industry in general."
Knol has been described both as a rival to encyclopedia sites such as Wikipedia,
Scholarpedia and About.com and as a complement to Wikipedia. The non-profit
Wikimedia Foundation, which owns Wikipedia, welcomed the Google knol initiative
saying that "The more good free content, the better for the world." While
Wikipedia articles are written collectively under a "neutral point of view"
policy, knol will highlight personal expertise by emphasizing authorship and,
like articles provided in Everything2 and Helium.com, knols will contain the
personal opinions of the author.
Because of knol's format, some have said knol is more like About.com than
Wikipedia. According to Wolfgang Hansson, a writer at DailyTech, knol may have
been planned for About.com originally when it was up for acquisition. Hansson
reported that several sources close to the sale said Google was planning to
acquire About.com, but the executives at About.com learned Google was planning
to move from About.com's model to a wiki-style model. That would have meant
layoffs for all 500 or so "Guides" at About.com.
Some have debated whether Google search results can remain neutral because of
possible conflict of interest. According to Danny Sullivan, an editor of Search
Engine Land, "Google’s goal of making Knol pages easy to find on search engines
could conflict with its need to remain unbiased." Jeff Chester, executive
director of the Center for Digital Democracy, raised similar concerns: "At the
end of the day, there's a fundamental conflict between the business Google is in
and its social goals. What you're seeing here, slowly, is Google embracing an
advertising-driven model, in which money will have a greater impact on what
people have ready access to." As a response to such concerns it has been pointed
out that Google already hosts large amounts of content in sites like YouTube,
Blogger and Google Groups and that there is no significant difference in this
case. Nicholas Carr, a frequent technology commentator, dismissed predictions of
Google manipulating results saying that Google is hoping that the most popular
knol pages will rise naturally through the search results, challenging Wikipedia
and providing another area of content that can carry Google ads.
A different concern was raised by Jimmy Wales, co-founder of Wikipedia: That the
profit incentive could turn Google's collection of knols into a magnet for pages
about highly commercial subjects instead of more academic topics. Wales gave an
example: "You may see an awful lot of articles about Viagra.
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